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Bottom-up attention is elicited or driven by the properties of\u003cbr /\u003estimuli automatically. Top-down attention refers to a volitional focusing of\u003cbr /\u003eattention on a location and/or an object based on current behavioral goals,\u003cbr /\u003ewhile other processing is inhibited. Each attention is classified by subject to\u003cbr /\u003ewhich one directs attention. The attention to an object is called object-based\u003cbr /\u003eattention, whereas that to a location is spatial attention.\u003cbr /\u003e Although numerous neuropsychological studies have investigated neural\u003cbr /\u003emechanisms regarding to these kinds of attention, it is still unknown entail\u003cbr /\u003eneural mechanisms. Here, we used magnetoencephalography (MEG) and\u003cbr /\u003einvestigated neural responses underlying to two kinds of selective attention.\u003cbr /\u003eIn the first study, we investigated neural mechanisms regarding Inhibition\u003cbr /\u003eof return (IOR). IOR is a phenomenon of bottom-up spatial attention that\u003cbr /\u003einvolves reaction times (RTs) to a spatially cued target that are longer than\u003cbr /\u003eRTs to an uncued target when the interval between the cue and target is\u003cbr /\u003eprolonged. Although numerous studies have examined IOR, no consensus\u003cbr /\u003ehas yet been reached regarding the neural mechanisms responsible for it. \u003cbr /\u003eWe used MEG and measured the neural responses underlying the time\u003cbr /\u003ecourse of IOR, applying a typical spatial cueing paradigm. The cue-target\u003cbr /\u003einterval was 600 ± 200 ms. Three following experimental conditions were\u003cbr /\u003eemployed. (1) Cued: the cue and target were presented at the same location.\u003cbr /\u003e(2) Uncued: the two stimuli were presented at opposite locations. (3)\u003cbr /\u003eNeutral: the cue stimulus was presented bilaterally. We found differences in\u003cbr /\u003ethe amplitudes of signals in the posterio-temporal and bilateral temporal\u003cbr /\u003eareas, and peak latencies in a central area between the cued and uncued\u003cbr /\u003econditions. These signals were localized to the extrastriate cortex, bilateral\u003cbr /\u003etemporal-parietal junction (TPJ), and primary motor cortex, respectively.\u003cbr /\u003eBilateral TPJ activities are related to the identification of salient events in \u003cbr /\u003ethe sensory environment both within and independent of the current\u003cbr /\u003ebehavioral context and may play an important role in IOR in addition to\u003cbr /\u003eextrastriate and the primary motor cortex.\u003cbr /\u003e In the second study, we investigated neural responses concerning\u003cbr /\u003etop-down object-based attention. Although top-down attention to a specific\u003cbr /\u003eobject, a volitional focusing of attention on an object based on current\u003cbr /\u003ebehavioral goals, can modulate early neural activities in extrastriate\u003cbr /\u003ecortices for object-processing, no consensus has yet been reached regarding\u003cbr /\u003eearly modulation for face and object-processing. To address this issue, we\u003cbr /\u003eadopted a double-exposure visual stimulus comprising superimposed\u003cbr /\u003eimages of a face and a house and asked subjects to direct their attention at\u003cbr /\u003eeither image. MEG revealed bilateral activities in the occipital, \u003cbr /\u003eoccipito-temporal and superior temporal sulcus (STS) at 100 (M100R: right\u003cbr /\u003eoccipital, M100L: left occipital), 170 (M170R: right occipito-temporal;\u003cbr /\u003eM170L: left occipito-temporal) and 230 (M230R: right STS, M230L: left\u003cbr /\u003eSTS) ms, respectively. We found that top-down object-based attention\u003cbr /\u003eenhanced the activity in the right occipito-temporal area (M170R) and in\u003cbr /\u003ethe right STS (M230R) for face-processing. For object-processing, only the\u003cbr /\u003eactivity in the right STS activity (M230R) was modulated by top-down\u003cbr /\u003eattention. These results suggested that top-down attention has different\u003cbr /\u003eeffects on face and object-processing with preferred and early access to\u003cbr /\u003eface-processing.\u003cbr /\u003e In the third study, we investigated neural responses concerning top-down\u003cbr /\u003espatial attention and revealed common and different neural basis with\u003cbr /\u003etop-down object-based attention dealt with Experiment 2. Images of a face\u003cbr /\u003eand object (a house) were presented in the peripheral visual field (same as \u003cbr /\u003ethose used in Experiment 2) and subjects were asked to direct their\u003cbr /\u003eattention to a face or an object. MEG revealed bilateral activities in the\u003cbr /\u003eoccipital, occipito-temporal and STS at 100 ms, 170 and 260 ms,\u003cbr /\u003erespectively. We found that top-down spatial attention enhanced the activity\u003cbr /\u003ein the right occipito-temporal area and in the right STS for face-processing.\u003cbr /\u003eFor object-processing, only the activity in the right STS activity was\u003cbr /\u003emodulated by top-down spatial attention. These results suggested that\u003cbr /\u003etop-down spatial attention has different effects on face and\u003cbr /\u003eobject-processing with preferred and early access to face-processing. The\u003cbr /\u003estudy indicated that top-down spatial attention has similar effects on neural\u003cbr /\u003eactivities of top-down object-based attention.", "subitem_description_type": "Other"}]}, "item_1_description_7": {"attribute_name": "学位記番号", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"subitem_description": "総研大甲第1359号", "subitem_description_type": "Other"}]}, "item_1_select_14": {"attribute_name": "所蔵", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"subitem_select_item": "有"}]}, "item_1_select_16": {"attribute_name": "複写", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"subitem_select_item": "印刷物から複写可"}]}, "item_1_select_17": {"attribute_name": "公開状況", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"subitem_select_item": "要旨のみ公開"}]}, "item_1_select_8": {"attribute_name": "研究科", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"subitem_select_item": "生命科学研究科"}]}, "item_1_select_9": {"attribute_name": "専攻", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"subitem_select_item": "20 生理科学専攻"}]}, "item_1_text_10": {"attribute_name": "学位授与年度", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"subitem_text_value": "2009"}]}, "item_creator": {"attribute_name": "著者", "attribute_type": "creator", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"creatorNames": [{"creatorName": "AYABE, Tomoaki", "creatorNameLang": "en"}], "nameIdentifiers": [{"nameIdentifier": "0", "nameIdentifierScheme": "WEKO"}]}]}, "item_files": {"attribute_name": "ファイル情報", "attribute_type": "file", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"accessrole": "open_date", "date": [{"dateType": "Available", "dateValue": "2016-02-17"}], "displaytype": "simple", "download_preview_message": "", "file_order": 0, "filename": "甲1359_要旨.pdf", "filesize": [{"value": "173.7 kB"}], "format": "application/pdf", "future_date_message": "", "is_thumbnail": false, "licensetype": "license_11", "mimetype": "application/pdf", "size": 173700.0, "url": {"label": "要旨・審査要旨", "url": "https://ir.soken.ac.jp/record/1705/files/甲1359_要旨.pdf"}, "version_id": "459c6d08-cb14-47c3-90e0-14a52fadcf6c"}]}, "item_language": {"attribute_name": "言語", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"subitem_language": "eng"}]}, "item_resource_type": {"attribute_name": "資源タイプ", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"resourcetype": "thesis", "resourceuri": "http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_46ec"}]}, "item_title": "Difference of neural activities modulated by visual selective attention: An MEG-based study.", "item_titles": {"attribute_name": "タイトル", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"subitem_title": "Difference of neural activities modulated by visual selective attention: An MEG-based study."}, {"subitem_title": "Difference of neural activities modulated by visual selective attention: An MEG-based study.", "subitem_title_language": "en"}]}, "item_type_id": "1", "owner": "21", "path": ["22"], "permalink_uri": "https://ir.soken.ac.jp/records/1705", "pubdate": {"attribute_name": "公開日", "attribute_value": "2011-01-19"}, "publish_date": "2011-01-19", "publish_status": "0", "recid": "1705", "relation": {}, "relation_version_is_last": true, "title": ["Difference of neural activities modulated by visual selective attention: An MEG-based study."], "weko_shared_id": -1}
Difference of neural activities modulated by visual selective attention: An MEG-based study.
https://ir.soken.ac.jp/records/1705
https://ir.soken.ac.jp/records/1705f793192b-edf7-496a-9ebb-074a91a58818
名前 / ファイル | ライセンス | アクション |
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要旨・審査要旨 (173.7 kB)
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Item type | 学位論文 / Thesis or Dissertation(1) | |||||
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公開日 | 2011-01-19 | |||||
タイトル | ||||||
タイトル | Difference of neural activities modulated by visual selective attention: An MEG-based study. | |||||
タイトル | ||||||
言語 | en | |||||
タイトル | Difference of neural activities modulated by visual selective attention: An MEG-based study. | |||||
言語 | ||||||
言語 | eng | |||||
資源タイプ | ||||||
資源タイプ識別子 | http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_46ec | |||||
資源タイプ | thesis | |||||
著者名 |
綾部, 友亮
× 綾部, 友亮 |
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フリガナ |
アヤベ, トモアキ
× アヤベ, トモアキ |
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著者 |
AYABE, Tomoaki
× AYABE, Tomoaki |
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学位授与機関 | ||||||
学位授与機関名 | 総合研究大学院大学 | |||||
学位名 | ||||||
学位名 | 博士(学術) | |||||
学位記番号 | ||||||
内容記述タイプ | Other | |||||
内容記述 | 総研大甲第1359号 | |||||
研究科 | ||||||
値 | 生命科学研究科 | |||||
専攻 | ||||||
値 | 20 生理科学専攻 | |||||
学位授与年月日 | ||||||
学位授与年月日 | 2010-03-24 | |||||
学位授与年度 | ||||||
2009 | ||||||
要旨 | ||||||
内容記述タイプ | Other | |||||
内容記述 | Selective attention has two main aspects: bottom-up attention and top-down<br />attention. Bottom-up attention is elicited or driven by the properties of<br />stimuli automatically. Top-down attention refers to a volitional focusing of<br />attention on a location and/or an object based on current behavioral goals,<br />while other processing is inhibited. Each attention is classified by subject to<br />which one directs attention. The attention to an object is called object-based<br />attention, whereas that to a location is spatial attention.<br /> Although numerous neuropsychological studies have investigated neural<br />mechanisms regarding to these kinds of attention, it is still unknown entail<br />neural mechanisms. Here, we used magnetoencephalography (MEG) and<br />investigated neural responses underlying to two kinds of selective attention.<br />In the first study, we investigated neural mechanisms regarding Inhibition<br />of return (IOR). IOR is a phenomenon of bottom-up spatial attention that<br />involves reaction times (RTs) to a spatially cued target that are longer than<br />RTs to an uncued target when the interval between the cue and target is<br />prolonged. Although numerous studies have examined IOR, no consensus<br />has yet been reached regarding the neural mechanisms responsible for it. <br />We used MEG and measured the neural responses underlying the time<br />course of IOR, applying a typical spatial cueing paradigm. The cue-target<br />interval was 600 ± 200 ms. Three following experimental conditions were<br />employed. (1) Cued: the cue and target were presented at the same location.<br />(2) Uncued: the two stimuli were presented at opposite locations. (3)<br />Neutral: the cue stimulus was presented bilaterally. We found differences in<br />the amplitudes of signals in the posterio-temporal and bilateral temporal<br />areas, and peak latencies in a central area between the cued and uncued<br />conditions. These signals were localized to the extrastriate cortex, bilateral<br />temporal-parietal junction (TPJ), and primary motor cortex, respectively.<br />Bilateral TPJ activities are related to the identification of salient events in <br />the sensory environment both within and independent of the current<br />behavioral context and may play an important role in IOR in addition to<br />extrastriate and the primary motor cortex.<br /> In the second study, we investigated neural responses concerning<br />top-down object-based attention. Although top-down attention to a specific<br />object, a volitional focusing of attention on an object based on current<br />behavioral goals, can modulate early neural activities in extrastriate<br />cortices for object-processing, no consensus has yet been reached regarding<br />early modulation for face and object-processing. To address this issue, we<br />adopted a double-exposure visual stimulus comprising superimposed<br />images of a face and a house and asked subjects to direct their attention at<br />either image. MEG revealed bilateral activities in the occipital, <br />occipito-temporal and superior temporal sulcus (STS) at 100 (M100R: right<br />occipital, M100L: left occipital), 170 (M170R: right occipito-temporal;<br />M170L: left occipito-temporal) and 230 (M230R: right STS, M230L: left<br />STS) ms, respectively. We found that top-down object-based attention<br />enhanced the activity in the right occipito-temporal area (M170R) and in<br />the right STS (M230R) for face-processing. For object-processing, only the<br />activity in the right STS activity (M230R) was modulated by top-down<br />attention. These results suggested that top-down attention has different<br />effects on face and object-processing with preferred and early access to<br />face-processing.<br /> In the third study, we investigated neural responses concerning top-down<br />spatial attention and revealed common and different neural basis with<br />top-down object-based attention dealt with Experiment 2. Images of a face<br />and object (a house) were presented in the peripheral visual field (same as <br />those used in Experiment 2) and subjects were asked to direct their<br />attention to a face or an object. MEG revealed bilateral activities in the<br />occipital, occipito-temporal and STS at 100 ms, 170 and 260 ms,<br />respectively. We found that top-down spatial attention enhanced the activity<br />in the right occipito-temporal area and in the right STS for face-processing.<br />For object-processing, only the activity in the right STS activity was<br />modulated by top-down spatial attention. These results suggested that<br />top-down spatial attention has different effects on face and<br />object-processing with preferred and early access to face-processing. The<br />study indicated that top-down spatial attention has similar effects on neural<br />activities of top-down object-based attention. | |||||
所蔵 | ||||||
値 | 有 |