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Spotting Epidemic Keystones by R0 Sensitivity Analysis: High-Risk Stations in the Tokyo Metropolitan Area. Spotting Epidemic Keystones by R0 Sensitivity Analysis: High-Risk Stations in the Tokyo Metropolitan Area. YASHIMA, Kenta SASAKI, Akira YASHIMA, Kenta SASAKI, Akira © 2016 Yashima, Sasaki. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. | http://journals.plos.org/plosone/s/licenses-and-copyright How can we identify the epidemiologically high-risk communities in a metapopulation network? The network centrality measure, which quantifies the relative importance of each location, is commonly utilized for this purpose. As the disease invasion condition is given from the basic reproductive ratio R0, we have introduced a novel centrality measure based on the sensitivity analysis of this R0 and shown its capability of revealing the characteristics that has been overlooked by the conventional centrality measures. The epidemic dynamics over the commute network of the Tokyo metropolitan area is theoretically analyzed by using this centrality measure. We found that, the impact of countermeasures at the largest station is more than 1,000 times stronger compare to that at the second largest station, even though the population sizes are only around 1.5 times larger. Furthermore, the effect of countermeasures at every station is strongly dependent on the existence and the number of commuters to this largest station. It is well known that the hubs are the most influential nodes, however, our analysis shows that only the largest among the network plays an extraordinary role. Lastly, we also found that, the location that is important for the prevention of disease invasion does not necessarily match the location that is important for reducing the number of infected. Public Library of Science / San Francisco, CA 2016-09-08 eng journal article VoR https://ir.soken.ac.jp/records/5525 27607239 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0162406 10.1371/journal.pone.0162406 ＜PLoS ONE Open Access Full Text＞ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5015857/ Article ＜PMC Free Full text＞ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/journals/440/ Archive of PLoS ONE ＜PMC Journal List＞ http://journals.plos.org/plosone/s/journal-information About PLoS ONE ＜Public Library of Science＞ 1932-6203 PLoS ONE PLoS ONE 11 9 e0162406 (pp19) https://ir.soken.ac.jp/record/5525/files/0162406file.pdf application/pdf 2.2 MB 2017-02-10