{"created":"2023-06-20T13:20:59.784502+00:00","id":1075,"links":{},"metadata":{"_buckets":{"deposit":"8a83ba0a-f35f-4c5d-bcc9-a1261bef5547"},"_deposit":{"created_by":1,"id":"1075","owners":[1],"pid":{"revision_id":0,"type":"depid","value":"1075"},"status":"published"},"_oai":{"id":"oai:ir.soken.ac.jp:00001075","sets":["2:430:22"]},"author_link":["9244","9243","9242"],"item_1_creator_2":{"attribute_name":"著者名","attribute_type":"creator","attribute_value_mlt":[{"creatorNames":[{"creatorName":"小島, 淳"}],"nameIdentifiers":[{}]}]},"item_1_creator_3":{"attribute_name":"フリガナ","attribute_type":"creator","attribute_value_mlt":[{"creatorNames":[{"creatorName":"コジマ, ジュン"}],"nameIdentifiers":[{}]}]},"item_1_date_granted_11":{"attribute_name":"学位授与年月日","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_dategranted":"1993-03-23"}]},"item_1_degree_grantor_5":{"attribute_name":"学位授与機関","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_degreegrantor":[{"subitem_degreegrantor_name":"総合研究大学院大学"}]}]},"item_1_degree_name_6":{"attribute_name":"学位名","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_degreename":"博士（学術）"}]},"item_1_description_12":{"attribute_name":"要旨","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_description":"The superior colliculus is a phylogenetically old structure located in the<br /> midbrain. It plays a key role in orienting response - movements of the<br /> eye, head, and body toward a newly appearing, salient object. Underlying<br />this response is multimodal sensory inputs (e.g., direct visual inputs<br /> from the retina) and heterogeneous motor outputs (e.g., projections to<br /> brainstem saccade generators). However, the brain receives sensory<br />inputs continually in parallel, and there must be the mechanism for<br />selection to determine to which stimulus the animal should respond.<br />Such selection requires cognitive processes such as attention, memory,<br />and movement preparation.<br />The objective of the present research was to examine whether the<br />superior colliculus is involved in such cognitive processes. For this<br />purpose we trained monkeys to perform a series of behavioral tasks and<br />recorded single cell activity from the superior colliculus while the<br /> animal was performing the tasks.<br />In these tasks the monkey was required, during a time period (2-3 sec),<br /> to select a stimulus, remember its position, or prepare for an eye<br />movement, The neural activity related to these processes was expected<br />to appear as a tonic, sustained spike discharge during the period. To<br />analyze the nature of the tonic activity we used three main tasks<br />(overlap saccade task, delayed saccade task, and attention task) and<br /> additional control tasks.<br />In the overlap saccade task (SACO), the monkey was required to make a<br />saccade to remembered position of peripheral light spot which had been<br /> cued during fixation. In the attention task (ATT), the monkey was<br /> required to detect dimming of the peripheral spot light, without making<br /> an eye movement. We assumed that these tasks would selectively or<br /> preferentially reflect different aspects of cognitive processes -<br />movement preparation, memory, and attention.<br /> We used three monkeys, After training of these tasks, monkeys were<br /> implanted with a head holder on the skull and search coil monocularly in<br /> order to monitor eye positions (Robinson 1963), under anesthesia with<br /> pentobarbital sodium. Extracellular action potential was recorded by a<br /> glass coated elgiloy electrode.<br /> We recorded 141 neurons showing tonic activities in the superior<br />colliculus. The superior colliculus consists of three layers: the<br /> superficial, the intermediate, and the deep layers. Based on previous<br /> reports which had been accepted unanimously, neurons without saccadic<br /> activity (n=33) were considered to be in the superficial layer, while<br /> neurons with saccadic activity (n=108) were in the intermediate layer.<br /> We later confirmed this assumption by histological examination.<br /> These neurons also discharged physically after visual stimuli and/or<br /> around saccade. Tonic activities had preferential retinotopic fields,<br /> which were similar to the visual receptive fields and the saccadic<br /> movement fields of the same neurons.<br />Depending on the predominance of the activities during the delay period<br /> among the three tasks (SACO, SACD, ATT), we classified the tonic<br />neurons into four types: (1) visuomotor (activity was significantly<br /> greater in SACO), (2) mnemonic motor (SACD dominant)< (3) visual<br /> attention (ATT dominant), and (4) nonspecific (others; no single task<br /> was dominant). <br />In the intermediate layer, more than a third of tonic neurons were found<br /> to be selective for one of the tasks: visual attention (n=13), visuomotor<br /> (n=13), and mnemonic motor (n=15).<br /> The other neuron (n=67) were of<br /> non-specific type. In the superficial layer, specific types were less<br /> common: visual attention (n=3) and visuomotor (n=4). Mnemonic motor<br /> type was not found. The other neurons (n=26) were of non-specific type.<br /> In conclusion, the tonic neurons in the superior colliculus, especially in its<br /> intermediate layer, are involved in information processing<br /> underlying memory of the target location, the preparation of saccade and<br /> the peripheral attention. Their signals may be sent to the phasic<br /> responsive neurons in the superior colliculus and/or the brainstem<br /> saccade generators, and modulate saccadic eye movements.<br /> Furthermore, they may be sent to the thalamic neurons, to which the<br /> neurons in the intermediate layer project, The superior colliculus might<br /> participate in the processes in which memory-, preparation-, and<br /> attention-related signals are maintained. These processes may be<br /> accomplished by multiple loop circuits formed with the cerebral cortex,<br /> thalamus, basal ganglia, and superior colliculus.","subitem_description_type":"Other"}]},"item_1_description_18":{"attribute_name":"フォーマット","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_description":"application/pdf","subitem_description_type":"Other"}]},"item_1_description_7":{"attribute_name":"学位記番号","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_description":"総研大甲第56号","subitem_description_type":"Other"}]},"item_1_select_14":{"attribute_name":"所蔵","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_select_item":"有"}]},"item_1_select_8":{"attribute_name":"研究科","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_select_item":"生命科学研究科"}]},"item_1_select_9":{"attribute_name":"専攻","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_select_item":"20 生理科学専攻"}]},"item_1_text_10":{"attribute_name":"学位授与年度","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_text_value":"1992"}]},"item_creator":{"attribute_name":"著者","attribute_type":"creator","attribute_value_mlt":[{"creatorNames":[{"creatorName":"KOJIMA, Jun","creatorNameLang":"en"}],"nameIdentifiers":[{}]}]},"item_files":{"attribute_name":"ファイル情報","attribute_type":"file","attribute_value_mlt":[{"accessrole":"open_date","date":[{"dateType":"Available","dateValue":"2016-02-17"}],"displaytype":"simple","filename":"甲56_要旨.pdf","filesize":[{"value":"278.5 kB"}],"format":"application/pdf","licensetype":"license_11","mimetype":"application/pdf","url":{"label":"要旨・審査要旨 / Abstract, Screening Result","url":"https://ir.soken.ac.jp/record/1075/files/甲56_要旨.pdf"},"version_id":"f2008512-cd32-4bce-b21e-ea0bd24a7a7e"},{"accessrole":"open_date","date":[{"dateType":"Available","dateValue":"2016-02-17"}],"displaytype":"simple","filename":"甲56_本文.pdf","filesize":[{"value":"2.0 MB"}],"format":"application/pdf","licensetype":"license_11","mimetype":"application/pdf","url":{"label":"本文","url":"https://ir.soken.ac.jp/record/1075/files/甲56_本文.pdf"},"version_id":"291e9e18-edbf-4847-ae0a-c2a4436b3834"}]},"item_language":{"attribute_name":"言語","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_language":"eng"}]},"item_resource_type":{"attribute_name":"資源タイプ","attribute_value_mlt":[{"resourcetype":"thesis","resourceuri":"http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_46ec"}]},"item_title":"サル上丘神経細胞における視覚・眼球運動課題遂行中の持続的活動","item_titles":{"attribute_name":"タイトル","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_title":"サル上丘神経細胞における視覚・眼球運動課題遂行中の持続的活動"},{"subitem_title":"Tonic Activity during Visuo-oculomotor Behavior in the Monkey Superior Colliculus","subitem_title_language":"en"}]},"item_type_id":"1","owner":"1","path":["22"],"pubdate":{"attribute_name":"公開日","attribute_value":"2010-02-22"},"publish_date":"2010-02-22","publish_status":"0","recid":"1075","relation_version_is_last":true,"title":["サル上丘神経細胞における視覚・眼球運動課題遂行中の持続的活動"],"weko_creator_id":"1","weko_shared_id":1},"updated":"2023-06-20T14:48:38.829263+00:00"}