{"created":"2023-06-20T13:21:19.908652+00:00","id":1500,"links":{},"metadata":{"_buckets":{"deposit":"0e79d700-1a13-4158-afdf-34f386fa5f18"},"_deposit":{"created_by":21,"id":"1500","owners":[21],"pid":{"revision_id":0,"type":"depid","value":"1500"},"status":"published"},"_oai":{"id":"oai:ir.soken.ac.jp:00001500","sets":["2:429:19"]},"author_link":["0","0","0"],"item_1_creator_2":{"attribute_name":"著者名","attribute_type":"creator","attribute_value_mlt":[{"creatorNames":[{"creatorName":"庄司, 勇木"}],"nameIdentifiers":[{}]}]},"item_1_creator_3":{"attribute_name":"フリガナ","attribute_type":"creator","attribute_value_mlt":[{"creatorNames":[{"creatorName":"ショウジ, ユウキ"}],"nameIdentifiers":[{}]}]},"item_1_date_granted_11":{"attribute_name":"学位授与年月日","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_dategranted":"2009-09-30"}]},"item_1_degree_grantor_5":{"attribute_name":"学位授与機関","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_degreegrantor":[{"subitem_degreegrantor_name":"総合研究大学院大学"}]}]},"item_1_degree_name_6":{"attribute_name":"学位名","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_degreename":"博士（情報学）"}]},"item_1_description_12":{"attribute_name":"要旨","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_description":"　1985年の電電公社民営化と市場への競争の導入以来、固定電話市場は競争環境のもとに<br />成長を続けた。例えば、長距離電話市場の最盛期には10社以上の事業者が参入し、料金も<br />劇的に低下した。しかし、固定電話の加入者は1997年をピークに減少し始め、2000年代後<br />半になると長距離電話市場から事業者の撤退が相次ぎ、支配的事業者であるNTTグループ<br />ヘの集中度が高まっていった。その要因には、携帯電話の発展があげられるが、2005年頃<br />に開始された直収型電話は、そのような全体のトレンドにもかかわらず、加入者を順調に<br />伸ばしていった。本研究では、直収型電話が、成熟化、集中化が進行する市場環境でなぜ、<br />加入者を増やすことができたのか、その要因について分析を行い、また、その分析結果か<br />ら、今後の固定通信市場における競争政策の在り方について、考察を行う。<br />　第2章では、アメリカと日本での固定電話市場の競争の歴史について概観し、それぞれ<br />の国の競争の特質と共通点について考察する。アメリカは電話発祥の地であり、競争の歴<br />史も、世界でもっとも古い。アメリカの電話市場の特色は、多様な規制当局と、訴訟も辞<br />さない旺盛な参入意欲をもつ事業者が、ダイナミックな競争を展開してきたことである。<br />それに対し、日本は、単一の強力な規制当局の下で最初に長距離通信市場に競争が導入さ<br />れ、その後競争の範囲を段階的に拡大していった。このように、両国の競争の歴史には大<br />きな差があるが、どちらの国でも規制が市場拡大と競争の進展に大きな役割を果たしてお<br />り、規制の内容にも共通の傾向があった。<br />　第3章では、その共通の傾向を、先行研究を参照しながら明らかにする。ここでは料金<br />規制と接続料金規制に焦点を絞り、規制の問題点とともに、競争の進展に伴って課すべき<br />規制が変化していったことを示す。<br />　第4章では、直収型参入と、従来型の中継型参入の定義を明確にし、また、市場データ<br />からそれぞれの参入の特色を明らかにする。中継型参入では、多くの事業者の参入し、料<br />金は劇的に低下したが、現在事業者の淘汰がすすみ、市場は寡占化が進んでいる。一方で<br />は、直収型参入は着実に加入者を伸ばしているが、料金の顕著な低下は観察されていない。<br />　第5章では、直収型参入による競争の分析を行うためのモデルを構築する。Satton(1993)<br />のモデルに、直線状に均一に分布した需要関数を適用し、参入事業者が直線の一部のエリ<br />アに参入してクールノー型の競争を行うモデルに発展をさせることにより、非対称形の競<br />争モデルを導出する。このモデルによる分析結果では、直収型参入事業者のエリアの広さ<br />は参入費用および限界費用の大きさで決まり、これらの費用が低ければ低いほど、参入エ<br />リアは拡大し、逆に参入エリアが広ければ広いほど、価格は低下する。逆に、参入費用及<br />び限界費用が高ければ高いほど、参入エリアは限定され、価格は高止まりする。参入費用<br />及び限界費用には支配的事業者が設定する接続料金が含まれているため、直収型電話の参<br />入を可能にしたのは、2002年前後に行われた、加入者回線に対する接続料金の引き下げに<br />よると推察される。<br />　第6章では、第5章の分析結果にもとづき、その政策的な含意について考察を行う。現<br />状では、直収型参入事業者はエリアの展開を既に行っておらず、すでに均衡状況になって<br />いる。前章のモデル分析の結果を適用すれば、現在下げ止まっている接続料金を更に低廉<br />化することにより、参入エリアが広がり、価格も低下させることが可能である。固定電話<br />は現実には加入者数が減少しており、競争促進を行うことは適切でないとの意見もあるが、<br />次世代ネットワーク(NGN)へのマイグレーションを促進につながるため、直収型参入によ<br />る競争をさらに促進すべきであると考える。<br />　第7章では、第5章のクールノー型寡占モデルの応用として、FTTH ( Fiber To The Home<br />の略、以下同じ)市場を分析する。FTTH市場は、西日本の一部のエリアにおいて激しい競<br />争が行われているが、競争事業者である電力系通信会社は、親会社の電力会社のテリトリ<br />―でのみエリア展開をしており、競争が激化してもテリトリーを超えたエリア展開は行わ<br />ない。このようにエリア拡大が限定された場合の競争は、価格の低下も限定的となる。一<br />部のエリアで激しい競争がおき、参入事業者が高いシェアを獲得しても、エリアが拡大さ<br />れなければ料金は高止まりし、競争の成果は制限的となる。<br />　最後の章で示される、本研究の結論は次の通りである。1)直収型電話が多くの加入者を獲<br />得できたのは2003年の接続料金の大幅な引き下げによる。2)直収型電話は加入者を伸ばし<br />ているが、競争による料金の引き下げは見られないのは、限定的なエリアでの非対称な競<br />争が料金競争を緩和しているからである。3)接続料金が2003年以来低下していないため、<br />接続料金をさらに引き下げれば、参入事業者はエリアをさらに拡大し、価格の低下が見込<br />まれる。したがって、接続料金の引き下げにより競争を促進をすべきである。<br /><br />  Abstract<br />  　Since 1985, when NTT was privatized and a competition was first introduced to the telecommunication market in Japan, the fixed telecommunication markets were dramatically growing. However since 1997, the number of fixed telephone subscribers began to decline, some operators let from the market around the 2005 and the market share of dominant operators was significantly rising. In spite of such sever trend of the fixed telephone market, the direct access telephone services which started in 2005 are stably acquiring their subscribers. This study analyzes several reasons as to why direct access telephone services can increase their subscribers and implications of competition policy for the future fixed telecommunication markets are considered. 　In chapter 2, the history of fixed telephone markets in the United States and Japan are reviewed and their differences and similarities are considered. Telephone system was invented in the United States so the United States has the longest history in telecommunications in the world. The history is characterized by the dynamism of competitions in which the variety of regulatory bodies and energetic operators rolled out the fierce battles in each other, sometimes in courts. On the other hand, competition in Japan was introduced under the single strong regulator and the scope of deregulation was gradually expanded. Whereas there are significant difference of history between the United States and Japan, regulations took important roles of development of the competition in both countries and a common tendency regulatory measures was observed.<br /> 　The chapter 3 describes theoretical studies about regulations in telecommunication markets in order to illustrate the common tendency between the U.S. and Japanese telecommunication market. In this chapter, main focus is on the pricing and interconnection regulations to indicate how the regulations are applied in the markets according to the level of market competitiveness.<br /> 　The chapter 4 reviews the definitions of \"direct access\" and \"tandem access\" for analyzing the characteristics of their entry to the market. \"Tandem access\" triggers excess competition and significant price declines. However, the excess competition compels most of the operators to leave and causes a concentration of market. On the contrary, \"direct access\" enables new entrants to acquire stable number of subscribers but price competition is moderate.<br /> 　In chapter 5, an economical model is established for purpose of analyzing direct access entry and its competition. A linear uniform demand function is applied to the model which Satton(1993)was established. The results of the model analysis are that the coverage of entry by direct access operator is decided by investment and marginal cost. The lower these two costs are, the lower the price is. On the contrary, the higher these are, the smaller the coverage is and the price is not decline.<br /> 　The chapter 6 evaluates the implication of competition policy discussed in the previous chapter. The direct access telephone operators have currently stopped their expansion of service areas therefore the market seems to reach equilibrium. According the model, further decline of interconnection charge will promote service area expansion of new entrants and decline of retail price. Consequently, promotion of direct access entry should be executed. It is said that further promotion of competition in fixed telephone market is inappropriate because number of subscribers is currently decreasing. However, the growth of new entrant in the fixed telephone market will pressure NTT to migrate their telephone network to NGN (Next Generation Network).<br /> 　In chapter 7, the model established in chapter 5 was applied to the FTTH (Fiber To The Home) market and the implications of competition policy were considered. In FTTH market, a fierce competition is observed in the West Area of Japan. However, the new entrants of FTTH in the area do not intend to expand their service coverage over the territory of their mother Power Utility companies. Under such conditions, the conclusion of the analysis is that the outcome of competition in the FTTH market is limited because competition without area expansion moderates price competition in this model even if new entrants acquirer high market shares. Therefore, further promotion measures have to be applied; for example, promoting area expansion or mitigating investment of entry.<br /> 　In the last chapter, the conclusions were summarized; 1) the decline of local loop interconnection charge in 2003 enables direct access service operators to enter the market and acquire subscribers, 2) the reason why the price doesn't decline in spite of the increase of subscribers is that asymmetric competition moderates intention of price decline, 3) the more decline of interconnection cause further decline of price and expansion of service area. Therefore the promotion of competition in the market by decreasing interconnection prices is appropriate.","subitem_description_type":"Other"}]},"item_1_description_7":{"attribute_name":"学位記番号","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_description":"総研大甲第1285号","subitem_description_type":"Other"}]},"item_1_select_14":{"attribute_name":"所蔵","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_select_item":"有"}]},"item_1_select_8":{"attribute_name":"研究科","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_select_item":"複合科学研究科"}]},"item_1_select_9":{"attribute_name":"専攻","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_select_item":"17 情報学専攻"}]},"item_1_text_10":{"attribute_name":"学位授与年度","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_text_value":"2009"}]},"item_creator":{"attribute_name":"著者","attribute_type":"creator","attribute_value_mlt":[{"creatorNames":[{"creatorName":"SHOJI, Yuki","creatorNameLang":"en"}],"nameIdentifiers":[{}]}]},"item_files":{"attribute_name":"ファイル情報","attribute_type":"file","attribute_value_mlt":[{"accessrole":"open_date","date":[{"dateType":"Available","dateValue":"2016-02-17"}],"displaytype":"simple","filename":"甲1285_要旨.pdf","filesize":[{"value":"394.2 kB"}],"format":"application/pdf","licensetype":"license_11","mimetype":"application/pdf","url":{"label":"要旨・審査要旨","url":"https://ir.soken.ac.jp/record/1500/files/甲1285_要旨.pdf"},"version_id":"23267679-53bf-4617-9318-4255044261b6"},{"accessrole":"open_date","date":[{"dateType":"Available","dateValue":"2016-02-17"}],"displaytype":"simple","filename":"甲1285_本文.pdf","filesize":[{"value":"5.6 MB"}],"format":"application/pdf","licensetype":"license_11","mimetype":"application/pdf","url":{"label":"本文","url":"https://ir.soken.ac.jp/record/1500/files/甲1285_本文.pdf"},"version_id":"6846a9aa-f1d3-4f48-adf6-fceee62e8eee"}]},"item_language":{"attribute_name":"言語","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_language":"jpn"}]},"item_resource_type":{"attribute_name":"資源タイプ","attribute_value_mlt":[{"resourcetype":"thesis","resourceuri":"http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_46ec"}]},"item_title":"固定電話市場への直収型参入に関する研究","item_titles":{"attribute_name":"タイトル","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_title":"固定電話市場への直収型参入に関する研究"},{"subitem_title":"Studies on the Entry of Direct Access to Fixed Telephone Market","subitem_title_language":"en"}]},"item_type_id":"1","owner":"21","path":["19"],"pubdate":{"attribute_name":"公開日","attribute_value":"2010-06-09"},"publish_date":"2010-06-09","publish_status":"0","recid":"1500","relation_version_is_last":true,"title":["固定電話市場への直収型参入に関する研究"],"weko_creator_id":"21","weko_shared_id":-1},"updated":"2023-06-20T15:58:27.477663+00:00"}