@misc{oai:ir.soken.ac.jp:00001515,
 author = {谷中, 久和 and ヤナカ, ヒサカズ and YANAKA, Hisakazu},
 month = {2016-02-17, 2016-02-17},
 note = {Motor response reaction times towards a target decrease when presentation is<br />preceded by a stimulus indicating that the target will appear shortly. I used functional<br />magnetic resonance imaging to depict the neural substrates of this warning effect during<br />a Go/NoGo task incorporating a warning stimulus. I hypothesized that the warning<br />stimuli activate the midbrain-thalamic-ACC alertness system irrespective of stimulus<br />modality, and the areas which are related to early stage of motor processing such as<br />pre-supplementary motor area (pre-SMA). Fifteen subjects completed a visual<br />Go/NoGo task, and 12 completed an analogous task in the auditory modality. After a<br />variable-duration warning stimulus was presented, a Go or NoGo cue was presented<br />with equal probability. When a Go cue was presented, subjects had to respond as rapidly as possible by pressing a button. When a NoGo cue was presented, subjects were required not to respond. Auditory and visual warning stimuli commonly activated the midbrain and thalamus, which are associated with tasks involving directed attention and alertness. Warning-related activation was found in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), which might monitor the task-related utility of the warning stimulus, and in the pre-supplementary motor area (pre-SMA), which is associated with movement selection. Warning stimuli might potentiate pre-SMA activity related to movement selection and/or preparation, through the midbrain-thalamus-ACC alerting system., 総研大甲第1300号},
 title = {Neural substrates of warning effect: a functional MRI study},
 year = {}
}