{"created":"2023-06-20T13:22:11.802938+00:00","id":2706,"links":{},"metadata":{"_buckets":{"deposit":"4bfa46d9-4292-4a99-b600-0215e0527396"},"_deposit":{"created_by":21,"id":"2706","owners":[21],"pid":{"revision_id":0,"type":"depid","value":"2706"},"status":"published"},"_oai":{"id":"oai:ir.soken.ac.jp:00002706","sets":["2:430:20"]},"author_link":["0","0","0"],"item_1_creator_2":{"attribute_name":"著者名","attribute_type":"creator","attribute_value_mlt":[{"creatorNames":[{"creatorName":"TIMOTHY, Joseph Jinam Adrian Anak"}],"nameIdentifiers":[{}]}]},"item_1_creator_3":{"attribute_name":"フリガナ","attribute_type":"creator","attribute_value_mlt":[{"creatorNames":[{"creatorName":"ティモシ, エイドリアン　アナ ジョセフ　ジナム"}],"nameIdentifiers":[{}]}]},"item_1_date_granted_11":{"attribute_name":"学位授与年月日","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_dategranted":"2011-09-30"}]},"item_1_degree_grantor_5":{"attribute_name":"学位授与機関","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_degreegrantor":[{"subitem_degreegrantor_name":"総合研究大学院大学"}]}]},"item_1_degree_name_6":{"attribute_name":"学位名","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_degreename":"博士（理学）"}]},"item_1_description_12":{"attribute_name":"要旨","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_description":"    Asia is home to many diverse human populauons and has been of much interest to anthropologists and geneticists alike. The focus of thiS thesis is the genetic diversity and migration histories of indigenous populations from southeast Asia atld the Japanese Archipelago. Based on archae010gical and linguistic data, the origins of southeast Asiatls can be traced back to two major migrations; the ancient 'out of Africa' migration circa 50,ooo years befoN present (YBP) and the relatively recent 'out of Taiwan' expansion of agriculturalists who speak Austronesia languages, approximately 5,00O YBR hl Malaysia and the Philippines, there are indigenous groups ca11ed Negritos whose physical appearance is distinct from their neighboring Populations and are thought have originated from the 'out of Africa' migration. The majority Of other southeast Asian groups are thought to have originated from the 'out of Taiwan' migration. As for the peopling of the Japanese archipelago, it is characterized by two important Periods: the Jomon period from 15, ooo t0 3,00O YBP; and the Yayoi period from 3, ooo t0 1,700 YBP. According to the dual-structure model, the current Japanese population was the result of admixture between Jomon populations who originated from Southeast Asia and the incoming 'Yayoi migrants from mainland Asia. some minority groups in Hokkaido and the Ryukyu islands maybe direct descendants of the Jomon peoples. \t\t \r\n   By analyzing approximately 50,ooo genome-wide sNp data generated by me and other Pan-Asian sNp consortium (PASNP) members,1investigated the genetic structure that may exist within indigenous groups of Malaysia and elucidated their relationship with other southeast Asians. using principal component A11alysis (PCA) and structure analysis,1 found traces Of recent and sustained admixture within the Negrito, Indian and Austronesian (Temuan, Bidayuh, Melay) groups. comparisons with other southeast Asians revealed that the Malaysian Negrito appeared to be distinct from the Philippine Negritos on the pcA plot. A closer look at the relationship between Austronesian populations revealed genetic substructure which mirrors geographical affinities, which may be explained by geographical isolation f0110wing the 'out of Taiwan' expansion or alliteratively there may be separate population movements involving other Austronesian groups.1hese observations demonstrate the impact of admixture on the genetic\tSubstructure of indigenous southeast Asian groups and hints at more complex migration history Of the Negritos and AustronesianS than the simple 'out of Africa' a11d 'out of Taiwan' models Would suggest. \t \r\n   Next l conducted a11analysis of complete mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences to test the plausibility, impact and timing of the migration models in indgenous Malaysian Populations.1 generated complete mtDNA sequences in 86 individuals from four indigenous Malaysian groups. In the Jehai(Negrito), one of the frequent haplogoups was R21 Which is indigenous to west Malaysia and dates back to the Pleistocene (~40,00O YBP). The three Austronesian groups (Bidayuh, selatar and Temuan) showed high frequencies of haplogroups N9a6, N9a6a, Fla'C, N21 and N22 Which have mainland Asian origins around 30,ooo t0 10,000 11 YBP. Haplogoups associated with the 'out of Taiwan' expansion were either found at very low frequencies or not detected at a11 in those three Austronesian groups. principal component Analysis distinguishes the Malaysian Negritos from the Austronesians and also shows a\t dichotomy between Austronesians from Sumatra and Java and those from Taiwa11 and Philippines. As with the sNp analysis, results from mt DNA showed no apparent link between the Negritos of west Malaysia and those from Andaman and Philippines. Regarding the origin of Austronesians, our results show support for ‘eagerly train' migration originating from Indochina Or south china around 30,ooo t0 10,00O YBp which predates but does not rule out the Subsequent' out of Taiwan' expansion. \t \r\n   Fina11y l conducted a study the and out the genetic structure in Japanese populations and to answer questions regarding Which model of Japanese origins would be best supposed by the genome-wide sNp data.1 Performed data analysis of close to l mi11ion genome-wide sNP genotypes generated using the Affymetrix 6.o genechip in three Japanese populations: Hondo・Japanese, Ryukyuan and Ainu. principal component Analysis (PCA) plots showed that these three populations formed three distinct clusters, with greater genetic variation within individuals of the Ainu group, brought about by admixture with the mainland Japanese and Possibly another population from Northeast Asia. phylogenetic analysis revealed that the  Ryukyuans and Ainu form a cluster with l00% bootstrap probabi1ity and comparisons with other global populations showed that a11 three Japanese populations cluster with other North East Asians. current results appear to support the cot111non ancestry of Ainu & Ryukyuans, which is Compatible with the dual-structure model. However, the close affinity of a11 three Japanese Populations with other North East Asians put the idea of Jomon origin from southeast Asia in doubt although not entirely ruled out. \t \r\n   In summary, my results demonstrate the influence of surrounding populations to the genetic diversity in indigenous Malaysian and Japanese populations which also contributes to the genetic substructure in these indigenous groups. The presence of admixed individuals has to be Considered when designing sampling strategies for future population genetic studies as we11 as When conducting and interpreting results of association studies. PCA analysis using sNp and mtDNA both showed the Malaysian and Philippine Negritos as distinct populations, which Suggests they may originate from different migrations or alternatively the observed patterm was due to the enhanced effects of genetic drift due to their sma11er population size. Regarding the Austronesians, results suggest an earlier movement originating from Indochina around 30,ooo to 10,00O YBp which has more imPact on the mtDNA diversity of indigenous Austronesians in west Malaysia and Borneo than the proposed 'out of Taiwan' expansion around 5,00O YBP. Hl the Japanese population, the Ainu and Ryukyuans have shared genetic ancestry and that the mainland Japanese may be the result of admixture between ancestral Yayoi and Jomon people, Supporting some aspects of the dual-structure model. However, our data does not indicate a Southeast Asian origin of Jomon peoples but shows a closer affinity to Northeast Asians.","subitem_description_type":"Other"}]},"item_1_description_18":{"attribute_name":"フォーマット","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_description":"application/pdf","subitem_description_type":"Other"}]},"item_1_description_7":{"attribute_name":"学位記番号","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_description":"総研大甲第1459号","subitem_description_type":"Other"}]},"item_1_select_14":{"attribute_name":"所蔵","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_select_item":"有"}]},"item_1_select_8":{"attribute_name":"研究科","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_select_item":"生命科学研究科"}]},"item_1_select_9":{"attribute_name":"専攻","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_select_item":"18 遺伝学専攻"}]},"item_1_text_10":{"attribute_name":"学位授与年度","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_text_value":"2011"}]},"item_creator":{"attribute_name":"著者","attribute_type":"creator","attribute_value_mlt":[{"creatorNames":[{"creatorName":"TIMOTHY, Joseph Jinam Adrian Anak","creatorNameLang":"en"}],"nameIdentifiers":[{}]}]},"item_files":{"attribute_name":"ファイル情報","attribute_type":"file","attribute_value_mlt":[{"accessrole":"open_date","date":[{"dateType":"Available","dateValue":"2016-02-17"}],"displaytype":"simple","filename":"甲1459_要旨.pdf","filesize":[{"value":"302.9 kB"}],"format":"application/pdf","licensetype":"license_11","mimetype":"application/pdf","url":{"label":"要旨・審査要旨","url":"https://ir.soken.ac.jp/record/2706/files/甲1459_要旨.pdf"},"version_id":"f1f081a6-836e-482a-ad3b-775cfa82ef2e"},{"accessrole":"open_date","date":[{"dateType":"Available","dateValue":"2016-02-17"}],"displaytype":"simple","filename":"甲1459_本文.pdf","filesize":[{"value":"4.2 MB"}],"format":"application/pdf","licensetype":"license_11","mimetype":"application/pdf","url":{"label":"本文","url":"https://ir.soken.ac.jp/record/2706/files/甲1459_本文.pdf"},"version_id":"2e3d8368-4877-488b-aae9-9ed4a99a30e7"}]},"item_language":{"attribute_name":"言語","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_language":"eng"}]},"item_resource_type":{"attribute_name":"資源タイプ","attribute_value_mlt":[{"resourcetype":"thesis","resourceuri":"http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_46ec"}]},"item_title":"The genetic diversity and population history of indigenous peoples in Asia","item_titles":{"attribute_name":"タイトル","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_title":"The genetic diversity and population history of indigenous peoples in Asia"},{"subitem_title":"The genetic diversity and population history of indigenous peoples in Asia","subitem_title_language":"en"}]},"item_type_id":"1","owner":"21","path":["20"],"pubdate":{"attribute_name":"公開日","attribute_value":"2012-04-04"},"publish_date":"2012-04-04","publish_status":"0","recid":"2706","relation_version_is_last":true,"title":["The genetic diversity and population history of indigenous peoples in Asia"],"weko_creator_id":"21","weko_shared_id":-1},"updated":"2023-06-20T15:46:47.775981+00:00"}