@article{oai:ir.soken.ac.jp:00003404,
 author = {KINOSHITA, Michiyo and 木下, 充代},
 issue = {4},
 journal = {比較生理生化学},
 month = {Nov},
 note = {application/pdf, 我々ヒトは, 感覚情報の8割を視覚に頼っているといわれている。視覚の大切な機能のひとつに色覚がある。色覚は, 多くの動物に共有される感覚であると考えられている。ある動物の見ている色世界は, 行動実験によってのみ示すことができる。著者は, これまで鱗翅目昆虫であるナミアゲハの色覚能力について, 求蜜行動を指標にした学習弁別実験によって明らかにしてきた。アゲハは, 色覚だけでなく, 色の恒常性を持つ。単色光を学習したアゲハで測定した求蜜行動の感度は, 網膜にある色受容細胞の感度の高い波長域で高くなる。さらに, Y迷路を用いてアゲハが色を知覚できる最小サイズを測定すると, 学習した色に限らず約1度であった。複眼の空間分解能を規定する個眼間角度が約1度であることを考えると, アゲハの色覚では個眼ひとつが色知覚の最小ユニットになっているのかもしれない。

Foraging butterflies have been believed to have color vision. But there have been no convincing proof of their color vision, until we demonstrated it in the Japanese yellow swallowtail butterflies, Papilio xuthus, in 1999. Naive Papilio butterflies can be trained to take sucrose solution on a paper disk of certain color or on a monochromatic light projected on a screen. By using this beahavioral response, we first tested two points; color vision and color onstancy. The Papilio butterflies that learened a certain color easily discriminated the training color not only from other colors, but also from differnt shades of grays. Color constancy was tested by changing the color of illumination: Pailio butterflies could discriminate the correct color in color Mondrian pattern under illuminations of various colors, beacuse of their color constancy.Next we tried to correlate the color vision performance with the structure of the compound eye. Here we tested two more points; the action spectrum of foraging behavior and the size limit for color detection. The action spentrum of foraging behavior exihibits high sensitivity at wavelength regions around 380, 500, and 600 nm. As indicated by the variety of spectral receptors contained in the Papilio retina, which are UV, violet, blue, green, red and broad-band receptors, it was first convincingly demonstrated that their visible wavelength range covered at least from 360 to 680 nm: this is much wider than that of humans. The size limit of color detection was measured by using a Y-maze apparatus. We trained Papilio to visit a disk of certain color, and then subjected them to the tests where they have to choose one of the two targets, colored or gray, each presented in one of the arms of the Y-maze. It turned out that Papilio could discriminate the color of the target until the size was decreased down to about 1 degree. One degree of the visual angle corresponds to the interommtidial angle that determines spatial resolution of the compound eye. This means that Pailio butterlfies can detect colors of the targets whose size is close to their spatial resolution, which is not the case in humans. This is probably due to the fact that one ommatidium contains at least two classes of spectral receptors.},
 pages = {212--219},
 title = {アゲハが見ている「色」の世界},
 volume = {23},
 year = {2006}
}