@article{oai:ir.soken.ac.jp:00003862,
 author = {渡辺, 正勝 and TAKAHASHI, Tetsuo and YOSHIHARA, Kazuo and WATANABE, Masakatsu and KUBOTA, Mamoru and JOHNSON, Randy and DERGUINI, Fadila and NAKANISHI, Koji},
 issue = {3},
 journal = {Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications},
 month = {Aug},
 note = {A real-time automated method was developed for simultaneous measurements of phototactic orientation (phototaxis) and step-up photophobic response of flagellated microorganisms. Addition of all-trans retinal restored both photoresponses in a carotenoid-deficient mutant strain of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii in a dose-dependent manner. The phototactic orientation was biphasic with respect to both the light intensity and the concentration of retinal. All-trans retinal was more effective than 11-cis retinal to regenerate both photobehavioral responses. Analogs having locked 11-cis configurations and a phenyl ring in the side chain also induced photoresponses, although at concentrations more than two orders of magnitude higher than all-trans retinal. According to the present assay method, the responses were hardly detectable in cells incubated with retinal analogs in which the 13-ene was locked in either its trans or cis configuration. The results strongly suggest that the isomerization of the 13-14 double bond is important for photobehavioral signal transduction and that a single retinal-dependent photoreceptor controls both phototactic and photophobic responses.},
 pages = {1273--1279},
 title = {Photoisomerization of retinal at 13-ene is important for phototaxis of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii: Simultaneous measurements of phototactic and photophobic responses},
 volume = {178},
 year = {1991}
}