@article{oai:ir.soken.ac.jp:00005984,
 author = {龔, 婷 and GONG , Ting},
 issue = {15},
 journal = {総研大文化科学研究, Sokendai review of cultural and social studies},
 month = {Mar},
 note = {application/pdf, 本稿では、桓武天皇即位前後の政治動向、及び即位後に行われた長岡遷都・郊祀などを手かがりにして桓武天皇の皇統意識を再検討する。神護景雲四（七七〇）年八月、称徳天皇の遺宣によって天智の孫である光仁（白壁王）が即位し、皇位継承の嫡流となった。奈良時代後半における皇位継承の闘争によって多くの有力後継者は皇位継承の序列から排除され、生き残ったのは高齢の天武傍系の皇族及び天智系の二世王のみである。光仁が選ばれた理由は、聖武の血を引く井上内親王との間に生まれた他戸親王の皇位継承によって、聖武系の血統を継続させる可能性が見込まれたからである。また、志貴皇子（光仁の父）は「吉野の盟約」のメンバーである重要性も他の研究で明らかになった。しかし光仁が即位して間もなく井上・他戸母子が廃され、三十五歳の桓武（山部）は皇太子となった。

桓武は光仁の長男であり、称徳朝では一般官僚として出世した。桓武の即位にとって、母方の渡来系血統は大きなマイナス要素であり、後の桓武朝の政治を揺るがす要因の一つでもある。桓武の即位後、天皇としての正統性を主張するため、中国の「辛酉革命・甲子革令」に基づいて年号を「天応」に改元した。この間、新京長岡に遷都し、延暦四年に中国風の郊祀を倣った天神祭祀を行い、皇位継承の正統性を強化した。一方、桓武の即位に不満を抱く人々が謀反や魘魅などのクーデターを起こし、有力な皇族を含めて多数の人が刑罰を受け、さらに種継の暗殺事件によって、桓武の同母弟である早良親王や甥の五百枝王も皇統継承の候補者から外れた。政治事件における一連の粛清の結果、桓武から息子の安殿親王への直系継承となる条件が揃った。

光仁の改葬・延暦年間の山陵祭祀における天智・志貴・光仁への追慕や弟の早良親王の排除・安殿の立太子など、桓武は直系による皇統継承を強く意識したと見られる。延暦六年に行った郊祀は、光仁を配主としたことから、光仁―桓武―安殿（延暦六年元服）までの父方血統のみで構成する新たな皇位継承の秩序を完成したと見られる。, This paper discusses the imperial consciousness of the Emperor Kanmu from prior to and immediately after accession to the throne to transfer of the capital to Heian-kyo in 794.

In 770, Prince Shirakabe, the grandchild of Emperor Tenchi, was enthroned as Emperor Konin after Emperor Shotoku died. Although the imperial line had succeeded from Emperor Tenmu, there had been a string of power struggles, and Prince Shirakabe, a descendent of Emperor Tenchi, became Emperor Konin following the order of succession. After enthronement, Emperor Konin named Imperial Princess Inoe Empress and Imperial Prince Osabe Crown Prince. Due to the humble background of Emperor Kanmu’s mother as a naturalized clansman, there was no hope for the Emperor to become crown prince even after his father, Prince Shirakabe, was enthroned, but he aimed to succeed as a government bureaucrat. However, he charged Imperial Princess Inoe with high treason for cursing and removed the Empress and Crown Prince Osabe.

The Emperor Kanmu’s accession to the throne was a great epoch in history. With the transfer of the capital, the Nara period completely ended and the Heian period commenced. He was enthroned in Heijyo-kyo and the capital was moved to Nagaoka-kyo in A.D. 784. It is thought that the transfer of the national capital to Nagaoka-kyo was conducted to eliminate outdated thinking and concepts and to enhance the authority of the emperor. The Heian period attached great importance to the Providence Theory; Kanototori is one of the zodiac signs in Chinese astrology and is said to be the year of revolution. It is believed that Emperor Kanmu strongly admired China; he imitated Tang emperors and performed Koshi two times.

Some people, however, were dissatisfied with Kanmu’s policies and launched a coup d’état. Many of the royal family members were subjected to criminal punishment. After transferring the capital to Nagaoka-kyo, Fujiwara no Tanetsugu was assassinated. After this incident, the Imperial Prince Sawara and Ioe were completely removed from the line of succession of the Imperial Throne. The succession to the Imperial Throne shall devolved on a direct line to Imperial Prince Aden. 

After the death of Emperor Kanmu, the princes ascended to the throne in order; the reforms by Emperor Heizei, the next emperor after Kanmu, were no less positive than the reforms by Kanmu. A new order of succession to the throne composed only of paternal bloodline was completed.},
 pages = {1--26},
 title = {桓武天皇の皇統意識},
 year = {2019},
 yomi = {ゴン, チャン}
}