| Item type |
学術雑誌論文 / Journal Article(1) |
| 公開日 |
2014-01-27 |
| タイトル |
|
|
タイトル |
Light on the moth-eye corneal nipple array of butterflies |
| タイトル |
|
|
タイトル |
Light on the moth-eye corneal nipple array of butterflies |
|
言語 |
en |
| 言語 |
|
|
言語 |
eng |
| 資源タイプ |
|
|
資源タイプ識別子 |
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 |
|
資源タイプ |
journal article |
| アクセス権 |
|
|
アクセス権 |
metadata only access |
|
アクセス権URI |
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_14cb |
| 著者 |
STAVENGA, Doekele G
FOLETTI, S
PALASANTZAS, G
ARIKAWA, Kentaro
|
| 著者別名 |
蟻川, 謙太郎
|
| 抄録 |
|
|
内容記述タイプ |
Abstract |
|
内容記述 |
The outer surface of the facet lenses in the compound eyes of moths consists of an array of excessive cuticular protuberances, termed corneal nipples. We have investigated the moth-eye corneal nipple array of the facet lenses of 19 diurnal butterfly species by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscope, as well as by optical modelling. The nipples appeared to be arranged in domains with almost crystalline, hexagonal packing. The nipple distances were found to vary only slightly, ranging from about 180 to 240 nm, but the nipple heights varied between 0 (papilionids) and 230 nm (a nymphalid), in good agreement with previous work. The nipples create an interface with a gradient refractive index between that of air and the facet lens material, because their distance is distinctly smaller than the wavelength of light. The gradient in the refractive index was deduced from effective medium theory. By dividing the height of the nipple layer into 100 thin slices, an optical multilayer model could be applied to calculate the reflectance of the facet lenses as a function of height, polarization and angle of incidence. The reflectance progressively diminished with increased nipple height. Nipples with a paraboloid shape and height 250 nm, touching each other at the base, virtually completely reduced the reflectance for normally incident light. The calculated dependence of the reflectance on polarization and angle of incidence agreed well with experimental data, underscoring the validity of the modelling. The corneal nipples presumably mainly function to reduce the eye glare of moths that are inactive during the day, so to make them less visible for predators. Moths are probably ancestral to the diurnal butterflies, suggesting that the reduced size of the nipples of most butterfly species indicates a vanishing trait. This effect is extreme in papilionids, which have virtually absent nipples, in line with their highly developed status. A similar evolutionary development can be noticed for the tapetum of the ommatidia of lepidopteran eyes. It is most elaborate in moth-eyes, but strongly reduced in most diurnal butterflies and absent in papilionids. |
| 書誌情報 |
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
en : Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
巻 273,
号 1587,
p. 661-667,
発行日 2006-03-22
|
| 出版者 |
|
|
出版者 |
The Royal Society |
| ISSN |
|
|
収録物識別子タイプ |
ISSN |
|
収録物識別子 |
0962-8452 |
| DOI |
|
|
|
識別子タイプ |
DOI |
|
|
関連識別子 |
https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2005.3369 |
|
|
関連名称 |
10.1098/rspb.2005.3369 |
| 権利 |
|
|
権利情報 |
© The Royal Society |
